Producción científica
https://repositorio.unphu.edu.do/handle/123456789/5
2024-03-28T11:47:10ZLa formación universitaria en tiempos de COVID – 19. Caso de estudio: República Dominicana
https://repositorio.unphu.edu.do/handle/123456789/5459
La formación universitaria en tiempos de COVID – 19. Caso de estudio: República Dominicana
Puentes Puente, Angel; Martins Pestana, Feliberto; Parada Leal, Hugo
La sociedad ha pasado un momento de ruptura en todas sus esferas: social, económica, política, educativa, etc. generado por la pandemia del COVID – 19. Para la educación significó un cierre total y un cambio en la forma de enfrentar el proceso educativo, todo fue radical, pasando de una enseñanza presencial y tradicional a otra completamente virtual basada en el uso de las tecnologías. Conocer que han opinado los estudiantes en este proceso fue el objetivo principal de este estudio, como vieron ellos este paso de la presencialidad a la virtualidad, el comportamiento de sus docentes, el dominio técnico y didáctico de estos, los materiales presentados en los cursos y su diseño, las estrategias y actividades desarrolladas que repercutieron directamente en los cursos y la utilización que se realizaron de materiales de lectura, audiovisuales y multimedia, además de la evaluación en este período de pandemia. De igual forma conocer que apoyo recibieron de las instituciones de educación superior en las cuales estudiaban. Desde lo metodológico, se enmarca en un enfoque de multimétodos. La muestra seleccionada para el estudio fue de 361 estudiantes de varias carreras y de diferentes universidades de la República Dominicana. El instrumento se aplicó entre los meses de marzo de 2020 y noviembre de 2021 en pleno período de la pandemia por Covid-19. Los resultados en sentido general presentan una tendencia positiva, sin embargo, revelan la necesidad de que los docentes mejoren el diseño de los cursos, y perfeccionen su dominio técnico y didáctico de las plataformas y medios a utilizar en cada institución, así como el uso de los diferentes materiales que pueden usar y como éstos pueden contribuir a mejorar la interacción y la calidad de la formación virtual de forma significativa y motivadora.
2023-10-10T00:00:00ZTobacco use and dementia: evidence from the 1066 dementia population-based surveys in Latin America, China and India
https://repositorio.unphu.edu.do/handle/123456789/5458
Tobacco use and dementia: evidence from the 1066 dementia population-based surveys in Latin America, China and India
Ferri, Cleusa P; West, Robert; Moriyama, Tais S.; Acosta, Daisy; Guerra, Mariella; Huang, Yueqin; Jacob, K. S.; Ribeiro, Wagner; Llibre de Rodriguez, Juan J.; Salas, Aquiles; Sosa, Ana Luisa; Williams, Joseph; Acosta, Isaac; Liu, Zhaouri; Guerra Hernández, Milagros A.; J Prince, Martin
To assess the association between tobacco consumption and dementia using the same methodology in seven developing countries, testing the specific hypotheses that higher exposure to tobacco is associated with a higher prevalence of dementia, that the association is limited to smoked tobacco and is stronger for vascular dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease. Cross-sectional surveys conducted on individuals aged 65+. A total of 15 022 residents in specified catchment areas were assessed face-to-face using a standardised protocol, which included dementia diagnosis and detailed information on past and current tobacco consumption, and on important potential confounders of this association. A high proportion of participants were never smokers (52% in Dominican Republic to 83% in Peru), most of those who ever used tobacco in China and India were still smoking at age 65 and above (80% and 84%, respectively). There was a positive association between history of tobacco smoke exposure (pack years up to age 50) and dementia (pooled PR = 1.003; 95%CI 1.001–1.005), Alzheimer's disease (pooled PR = 1.007; 95% CI, 1.003–1.011) and Vascular Dementia (pooled PR = 1.003; 95% CI = 1.001–1.005). These associations were attenuated but remained significant if exposure after the age of 50 was included. In India there was no association between smokeless tobacco and dementia. Dementia in developing countries appears to be positively associated with history of tobacco smoking but not smokeless tobacco use. Selective quitting in later life may bias estimation of associations.
2011-02-09T00:00:00ZChronic diseases among older people and co-resident psychological morbidity: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey
https://repositorio.unphu.edu.do/handle/123456789/5457
Chronic diseases among older people and co-resident psychological morbidity: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey
Honyashiki, Mina; Ferri, Cleusa P; Acosta, Daisy; Guerra, Mariella; Huang, Yueqin; Jacob, K S; Llibre-Rodrigues, Juan J; Aquiles Salas, Aquiles; Sosa, Ana Luisa; Williams, Joseph; Prince, Martin J
This is the first study to investigate the associations between chronic health conditions of older people and their impact on co-resident psychological morbidity using population-based samples in low and middle income countries (LAMICs). Single-phase cross-sectional catchment area surveys were undertaken in urban sites in Cuba, Dominican Republic and Venezuela, and in rural and urban catchment areas in Mexico, Peru, India and China. All residents aged 65 years and over were interviewed with a co-resident key informant. Exposures were structured clinical diagnoses (10/66 and DSM-IV dementia and ICD-10 depression), self-reported diagnosis (stroke) and physical impairments. Mediating variables were dependence and disability (WHODAS 2.0), and the outcome was co-resident psychological morbidity assessed using SRQ-20. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) for the associations between health conditions and psychological morbidity in each site, and meta-analysis was used to pool the estimates. 11,988 pairs comprising a participant and a co-resident informant were included in the analysis. After meta-analysis, independent effects were noted for depression (PR2.11; 95% CI 1.82-2.45), dementia (PR 1.98; 95% CI 1.72-2.28), stroke (PR 1.42; 95% CI 1.17-1.71) and physical impairments (PR 1.17; 95% CI 1.13-1.21). The effects were partly mediated through disability and dependence. The mean population attributable fraction of total chronic conditions was 30.1%.
The prevalence of co-resident psychological morbidity is higher among co-residents of older people with chronic conditions. This effect was prominent for, but not confined to, depression and dementia. Attention needs to be directed to chronic conditions.
2011-11-01T00:00:00ZPiper umbellatum L.: A comparative cross-cultural analysis of its medicinal uses and an ethnopharmacological evaluation
https://repositorio.unphu.edu.do/handle/123456789/5456
Piper umbellatum L.: A comparative cross-cultural analysis of its medicinal uses and an ethnopharmacological evaluation
Roersch, Carles M.
This review assesses the botany, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. umbellatum. Information on P. umbellatum was gathered via the internet (using Scirus, Google Scholar, CAB-Abstracts, MedlinePlus, Embase, Scielo, and Web of Science) and libraries. Additionally, previously unpublished work on the traditional uses of P. umbellatum from our National Study of the Medicinal Plants of the Dominican Republic has been included. Piper umbellatum is a Neotropical plant species widely distributed in Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indian Islands. It has also been introduced to Africa and South-East Asia. Traditional uses for this plant are recorded in 24 countries in three continents, America, Africa and Asia for a wide range of ailments such as kidney, women diseases, diarrhea, skin affections, burns, rheumatism, malaria, intestinal parasites, inflammation and fever. We have analyzed the cross-cultural agreement among traditional uses in different countries and found a high degree of consensus for the indications kidney/diuretic, stomachache and wounds. Phytochemical studies of P. umbellatum have demonstrated the presence of terpenes (mainly found in the essential oil), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and other classes of secondary metabolites. The extracts and pure compounds derived from P. umbellatum show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimalarial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activity. A first commercial product is in development, based on the plant's protective characteristics against UV irradiation.
2010-10-01T00:00:00Z