Assessment of 24 h Sodium and Potassium urinary excretion in normotensive and hypertensive dominican adults
Fecha
2023Autor
García-Lithgow, Carlos Heriberto
Durán-Cabral, Madeline
Winter-Matos, Alexandra
García-Estrella, Kilsaris
García-Durán, Julen
Di-Sanzo, Estefanía
Martínez-De-La-Cruz, Nicole
Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña
Metadatos
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Higher salt (sodium) intake has been associated with higher blood pressure (BP). The
degree of association may be influenced by factors such as age, origin, and dietary components. This
study aimed to evaluate the 24 h urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) excretion in normotensive
and hypertensive Dominican adults and estimate their salt intake. 163 volunteers (18–80 years old)
participated in a cross-sectional study. The 24 h Na and K urinary excretion were measured using an
ion-selective electrode technique. Na and K urinary excretion (99.4 46.5 and 35.0 17.5 mmol/24 h)
did not correlate with BP, except in the normotensive group, in which K correlated with SBP (0.249,
p = 0.019). Na and K excretion were similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. When
considering two age groups (18–45, 46–80 years), the Na-to-K molar ratio (3.1 1.3) was higher in
younger subjects (p = 0.040). Na-to-K ratio was associated with DBP in the total group (r = 0.153,
p = 0.052), in the hypertensive group (r = 0.395, p < 0.001), and in the older group with SBP (0.350,
p = 0.002) and DBP (0.373, p < 0.001). In the older group, Na-to-K ratio and DBP correlated after
controlling for subjects with hypertension controlled by treatment (r = 0.236, p = 0.041). The Na-to-K
ratio correlated, when salt intake was over 5 g/day (52.2%), with SBP (rho = 0.219, p = 0.044) and
DBP (rho = 0.259, p = 0.017). Determinants of BP in the total sample were age (SBP, beta: 0.6 0.1,
p < 0.001; DBP, beta: 0.2 0.1, p < 0.002), sex (SBP, beta: 11.2 3.5, p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI)
(SBP, beta: 1.0 0.3, p < 0.001; DBP, beta: 0.4 0.2, p = 0.01), and Na-to-K ratio (SBP, beta: 3.0 1.1,
p = 0.008; DBP, beta: 12.3 4.0, p = 0.002). Sex and BMI were determinants in the younger group.
Na-to-K molar ratio was determinant in the older group (SBP, beta: 6.7 2.4, p = 0.005; DBP, beta:
3.8 1.1, p < 0.001). The mean Na and salt intakes (2.3 and 5.8 g/day) were slightly higher and the K
intake lower (1.4 g/day) than WHO recommendations.
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