Característica de la anemia inducida por quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratados en el Instituto de oncología Doctor Heriberto Pieter, Enero 2018, Octubre 2019

Abstract

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal con el objetivo de determinar las características de la anemia inducida por quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratados en el Instituto de Oncología Dr. Heriberto Pieter, Enero 2018, Octubre 2019. Se estudiaron setenta y ocho (78) pacientes con el fin de ver las características de la anemia después de la quimioterapia. Se realizaron controles hemáticos antes, durante y después de cada ciclo de quimioterapia para ver las variaciones que se pueden dar en las diferentes líneas celulares; algunos pacientes se beneficiaron de los AEE y otros no se le aplico debido a la condición del paciente, al tipo de quimioterapia que se utilizó u otro factor. En los resultados se obtuvo que el 34.0% presento anemia por quimioterapia. Se debe tener en cuenta que el 40% de los pacientes con cáncer padecen de anemia antes de la quimioterapia y un 75% la va a desarrollar en un periodo de 6 meses durante la quimioterapia. El compendio de edad más frecuente son mujeres entre los 40-50 años de edad, donde se ve involucrado el nivel de escolaridad y el estado civil, ya que existe una relación directa en como enfrentan dicha enfermedad. No existe una relación directa de la anemia y el tipo de quimioterapia utilizada ya que el tipo morfológico de la anemia en enfermedad crónica es normocitica en un 91.0%. En cambio, la relación anemia y tipo de cáncer afecta la evolución del paciente a medida que se trata, ya que cuando se tiene un cáncer avanzado la respuesta a los medicamentos es menor; por ende, se debe tratar la anemia antes y durante la quimioterapia o más bien prevenirla utilizando los AEE. De las pacientes que recibieron otro tipo de terapia 12.8% tuvieron una mejor respuesta; a diferencia de un 64% que fueron aquellas que no recibieron nada. Estos resultados nos dejan muchas preguntas por responder y aún mucho por investigar; es por ende que exhorto a los oncólogos clínicos a evaluar con cautela cada caso y tratar la anemia con AEE porque se ve una mejor respuesta a la hora de aplicar la quimioterapia.

An observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of determining the characteristics of chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with breast cancer treated at the Dr. Heriberto Pieter Oncology Institute, January 2018, October 2019. Seventy were studied and eight (78) patients in order to see the characteristics of anemia after chemotherapy. Blood tests were performed before, during and after each cycle of chemotherapy to see the variations that can occur in the different cell lines; some patients benefited from ESAs and others did not apply because of the patient's condition, the type of chemotherapy that was used or another factor. The results showed that 34.0% had anemia due to chemotherapy. It should be taken into account that 40% of cancer patients suffer from anemia before chemotherapy and 75% will develop it in a period of 6 months during chemotherapy. The most frequent compendium of age are women between 40-50 years of age, where the level of schooling and marital status is involved, since there is a direct relationship in how they face this disease. There is no direct relationship between anemia and the type of chemotherapy used since the morphological type of anemia in chronic disease is normocytic in 91.0%. On the other hand, the relationship between anemia and type of cancer affects the evolution of the patient as it is treated, since when there is advanced cancer the response to medications is lower; therefore, anemia should be treated before and during chemotherapy or rather prevented using the ESAs. Of the patients who received another type of therapy, 12.8% had a better response; unlike 64% who were those who received nothing. These results leave us many questions to answer and still much to investigate; therefore, I urge the clinical oncologists to carefully evaluate each case and treat anemia with ESA because a better response is seen when applying chemotherapy.

An observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of determining the characteristics of chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with breast cancer treated at the Dr. Heriberto Pieter Oncology Institute, January 2018, October 2019. Seventy were studied and eight (78) patients in order to see the characteristics of anemia after chemotherapy. Blood tests were performed before, during and after each cycle of chemotherapy to see the variations that can occur in the different cell lines; some patients benefited from ESAs and others did not apply because of the patient's condition, the type of chemotherapy that was used or another factor. The results showed that 34.0% had anemia due to chemotherapy. It should be taken into account that 40% of cancer patients suffer from anemia before chemotherapy and 75% will develop it in a period of 6 months during chemotherapy. The most frequent compendium of age are women between 40-50 years of age, where the level of schooling and marital status is involved, since there is a direct relationship in how they face this disease. There is no direct relationship between anemia and the type of chemotherapy used since the morphological type of anemia in chronic disease is normocytic in 91.0%. On the other hand, the relationship between anemia and type of cancer affects the evolution of the patient as it is treated, since when there is advanced cancer the response to medications is lower; therefore, anemia should be treated before and during chemotherapy or rather prevented using the ESAs. Of the patients who received another type of therapy, 12.8% had a better response; unlike 64% who were those who received nothing. These results leave us many questions to answer and still much to investigate; therefore, I urge the clinical oncologists to carefully evaluate each case and treat anemia with ESA because a better response is seen when applying chemotherapy.