Síndrome metabólico en adolescentes obesos que asisten a la consulta de endocrinología del Hospital Infantil Doctor Robert Reid Cabral. Enero-Junio, 2019

Abstract

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de recolección prospectiva de datos para determinar el comportamiento del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes obesos que asisten a la consulta de endocrinología en el Hospital Dr. Robert Reid Cabral en el periodo de enero-junio 2019. Para incluirse en el estudio los adolescentes debían tener entre 10 a 16 años y obesidad diagnosticada por medio de las curvas de crecimiento de peso para edad, talla para edad e índice de masa corporal para edad del Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) para niños y niñas de dos a 20 años, los cuales respondían al diagnóstico si se encontraban en los percentiles 90 o >90. Se investigó datos sociodemográficos, medidas antropométricas para el diagnóstico de obesidad y síndrome metabólico, factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas. Para determinar si el paciente padecía síndrome metabólico se sometieron a los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes a razón de: circunferencia abdominal: > ó = 90 percentil, triglicéridos >150 mg/dl, presión arterial >130/85 mmHg, glucemia >100mg/dl, colesterol HDL <40mg/dl. En los resultados de un total de 57 adolescentes obesos, en 14 (24.6%) existió la presencia de síndrome metabólico, el género femenino 11 (79%) fue más frecuente que el masculino 3 (21.4%), la procedencia rural 8 (57.1%) más que la urbana 6 (42.9%), la edad de 10 años 5 (35.7%) más que las mayores. Los componentes del síndrome metabólico presentaron los siguientes porcentajes: obesidad abdominal (29.8%), hiperglucemia en ayunas (20.5%), triglicéridos aumentados (20.5%), colesterol de alta densidad bajo (18.2%), hipertensión arterial (13.6%) diastólica y (2.3%) sistólica. De las manifestaciones clínicas asociadas la fatiga (31.6%) presentó mayor frecuencia frente a (26.3%) para aumento de la sed, (21.1%) para aumento de la micción (15.8%) para acantosis nigricans y (5.3%) para cefalea, y en los factores asociados se evidenció que (58.8%) presentaban predisposición genética, (23.5%) realizaban alguna actividad física, (11.8%) se encontraban en dieta estructurada y (5.9%) en no estructurada.

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of prospective data collection was conducted to determine the metabolic syndrome behavior in obese adolescents attending the endocrinology clinic at the Dr. Robert Reid Cabral Hospital from January 2019 to June 2019. Adolescent children 10 to 16 years and obesity are diagnosed in the course of weight growth curves for age, body mass index for age, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for children and 20-year-old girls, who respond to the diagnosis and are in the 90th or> 90th percentiles. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measures for the diagnosis of obesity and metabolic syndrome, risk factors and clinical manifestations were investigated. To determine if the patient suffered from metabolic syndrome, they were subjected to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation at the rate of: abdominal circumference:> or = 90 percentile, triglycerides> 150 mg / dl, blood pressure> 130/85 mmHg, blood glucose> 100mg / dl, HDL cholesterol <40mg / dl. In the results of a total of 57 obese adolescents, in 14 (24.6%) there was the presence of metabolic syndrome, the female gender 11 (79%) was more frequent than the male 3 (21.4%), the rural origin 8 (57.1 %) more than the urban 6 (42.9%), the age of 10 years 5 (35.7%) more than the older. The components of the metabolic syndrome had the following percentages: abdominal obesity (29.8%), fasting hyperglycemia (20.5%), increased triglycerides (18.2%), low high density cholesterol (20.5%), diastolic arterial hypertension (13.6%) and (2.3%) systolic. Of the associated clinical manifestations, fatigue (31.6%) presented a higher frequency compared to (26.3%) for increased thirst, (21.1%) for increased urination (15.8%) for acanthosis nigricans and (5.3%) for headache, and in the associated factors it was evidenced that (58.8%) presented genetic predisposition, (23.5%) performed some physical activity, (11.8%) were in structured diet and (5.9%) in unstructured.

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of prospective data collection was conducted to determine the metabolic syndrome behavior in obese adolescents attending the endocrinology clinic at the Dr. Robert Reid Cabral Hospital from January 2019 to June 2019. Adolescent children 10 to 16 years and obesity are diagnosed in the course of weight growth curves for age, body mass index for age, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for children and 20-year-old girls, who respond to the diagnosis and are in the 90th or> 90th percentiles. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measures for the diagnosis of obesity and metabolic syndrome, risk factors and clinical manifestations were investigated. To determine if the patient suffered from metabolic syndrome, they were subjected to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation at the rate of: abdominal circumference:> or = 90 percentile, triglycerides> 150 mg / dl, blood pressure> 130/85 mmHg, blood glucose> 100mg / dl, HDL cholesterol <40mg / dl. In the results of a total of 57 obese adolescents, in 14 (24.6%) there was the presence of metabolic syndrome, the female gender 11 (79%) was more frequent than the male 3 (21.4%), the rural origin 8 (57.1 %) more than the urban 6 (42.9%), the age of 10 years 5 (35.7%) more than the older. The components of the metabolic syndrome had the following percentages: abdominal obesity (29.8%), fasting hyperglycemia (20.5%), increased triglycerides (18.2%), low high density cholesterol (20.5%), diastolic arterial hypertension (13.6%) and (2.3%) systolic. Of the associated clinical manifestations, fatigue (31.6%) presented a higher frequency compared to (26.3%) for increased thirst, (21.1%) for increased urination (15.8%) for acanthosis nigricans and (5.3%) for headache, and in the associated factors it was evidenced that (58.8%) presented genetic predisposition, (23.5%) performed some physical activity, (11.8%) were in structured diet and (5.9%) in unstructured.