Factores de riesgo relacionados con amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentos que asisten al Hospital Universitario Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia, Abril - Agosto 2019

Abstract

Se realizó un estudio en el Hospital Universitario Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia, abril-agosto, 2019. Fue un estudio observacional, descriptivo, con recolección prospectiva de datos, cuyo objetivo era determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia, de 257 pacientes adolescentes con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto pretérmino, para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario conformado por 9 preguntas, también se utilizó el cuestionario de Estratificación de riesgo Papiernik-Berhauer Modificado Por Gonik- Creasy (1986) Parto Pretérmino, el cual tiene una puntuación en base a 4 variables que son: el estatus socioeconómico, historia obstétrica previa, hábitos diarios y embarazo actual. La puntuación presenta el siguiente intervalo, del 1-5 y el número 10. Predominaron las jóvenes de 17 a 19 aaños. La edad gestacional entre las 33 y 36 semanas fue de mayor frecuencia (53.6). Los casos de amenaza de parto pretérmino y vaginitis son de alta frecuencia (32). Se identificaron, asociados a la amenaza de parto pretérmino las infecciones de vías urinarias (14.4), la ruptura prematura de membranas (12.5). El grado de escolaridad, el 49 por ciento pertenecían a la secundaria. De acuerdo con los determinantes sociales, la mayoría de las pacientes se encontraban desempleadas (78.2), presentaban unos ingresos de menos de 10 mil pesos (3.11). En cuanto a los controles prenatales un 48.2 por ciento presento de 3 a 4 controles. El periodo intergenésico que predomino fue de 5 a 8 meses (23.7). En cuanto a la historia obstétrica previa, las primigestas representaron el 45 por ciento y las multigestas el 54.9 por ciento. La hipertensión arterial crónica fue la patología crónica de mayor frecuencia (4.7).

A study was carried out at the Maternity Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia, April-August 2019. It was an observational, descriptive study, with prospective data collection, which objective was to determine the risk factors related to the threat of preterm birth in pregnant women teenagers. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, for convenience, of 257 adolescent patients diagnosed with a threat of preterm birth. A questionnaire was used for data collection, which was made up of 9 questions, the Risk Stratification Papiernik-Berhauer Modified by Gonik-Creasy (1986) Preterm Birth questionnaire was also used. which has a score based on 4 variables that are: socioeconomic status, previous obstetric history, daily habits and current pregnancy. The score has the following range, 1-5 and the number 10. Young women aged 17 to 19 predominated. Gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks was more frequent (53.6). The cases of threat of preterm birth and vaginitis are high frequency (32). Associated with the threat of preterm birth urinary tract infections (14.4), premature rupture of membranes (12.5). The degree of schooling, 49 percent belonged to high school. According to the social determinants, most of the patients were unemployed (78.2), had incomes of less than 10 thousand pesos (3.11). As for prenatal controls, 48.2 percent presented 3 to 4 controls. The predominant intergenic period was 5 to 8 months (23.7). As for the previous obstetric history, the woman bearing her first child represented 45 percent and the multiple pregnancies represented 54.9 percent. Chronic arterial hypertension was the most frequent chronic pathology (4.67).

A study was carried out at the Maternity Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia, April-August 2019. It was an observational, descriptive study, with prospective data collection, which objective was to determine the risk factors related to the threat of preterm birth in pregnant women teenagers. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, for convenience, of 257 adolescent patients diagnosed with a threat of preterm birth. A questionnaire was used for data collection, which was made up of 9 questions, the Risk Stratification Papiernik-Berhauer Modified by Gonik-Creasy (1986) Preterm Birth questionnaire was also used. which has a score based on 4 variables that are: socioeconomic status, previous obstetric history, daily habits and current pregnancy. The score has the following range, 1-5 and the number 10. Young women aged 17 to 19 predominated. Gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks was more frequent (53.6). The cases of threat of preterm birth and vaginitis are high frequency (32). Associated with the threat of preterm birth urinary tract infections (14.4), premature rupture of membranes (12.5). The degree of schooling, 49 percent belonged to high school. According to the social determinants, most of the patients were unemployed (78.2), had incomes of less than 10 thousand pesos (3.11). As for prenatal controls, 48.2 percent presented 3 to 4 controls. The predominant intergenic period was 5 to 8 months (23.7). As for the previous obstetric history, the woman bearing her first child represented 45 percent and the multiple pregnancies represented 54.9 percent. Chronic arterial hypertension was the most frequent chronic pathology (4.67).